More likely female heirs keep the name and their kids take their names. 

Hey folks! So, as you might have guessed, we didn’t get quite to the original goal of $15,000, but we got pretty damn close at $9,729. And given that we got that close, it would be a shame to have the project fail and no one get the rewards they wanted. So I’ve started up a second Kickstarter with a more modest goal of $9,500 that will run for two weeks to make sure that people have enough time…

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No. The Church of Starry Wisdom is a Yi Ti-sh cult, entirely separate from the Red Temples of R’hllor. 

It’s also a Cthulhu reference, whereas R’hllor is a Zoroastrian/Manichean reference.  

It happened once with the Red Kraken, when the Dance had left Lannisport “thinly defended,” and that expedition was repaid in full by Joanna Lannister and Ser Leo Costayne. 

It was raided a second time during the Greyjoy Rebellion, but there’s no evidence that the Greyjoys went further than burning the fleet in the harbor. 

But that’s it as far as mentions go in the WOIAF. So twice in thousands of years doesn’t sound too bad. 

There would still have been a war – look at the Dance of the Dragons, after all. Any time that you have two great houses with succession claims on the Iron Throne, you’re highly likely to get a civil war unless assassination clears the decks.

I think the main difference is that Daemon’s position would have been a lot, lot stronger. Rather than being a legitimized bastard who was only a landed knight, Daemon Targaryen would have been known by the various lords as a Prince with his own domains. Especially if Aegon IV had pulled a Viserys I and gotten the lords of the realm to swear allegiance to him, Daemon might well have gotten the support from more than a few Lords Paramount. 

But as the older son, Daeron would still likely have had the support of traditionalists like the Arryns as well as his in-laws the Martells, and probably the Lannisters and Tullys as in OTL. 

I think there probably are what were called mirrors for princes. Certainly that seems to be the intent of Tyrion’s gift of Lives of Four Kings. 

Depends which time period you’re talking about – the earlier in the Middle Ages, the less literacy, and the more nobility you can find who think about writing as something that priests, scribes, and other servants do. 

It is odd for someone that far up in the hierarchy to be illiterate, as Lords Paramount would be in contact with the monarchy and many vassals, as opposed to a lesser lord who would only have to deal with his immediate neighbors who he dealt with face to face. 

Do you mean Aerys I? 

I would think that Bloodraven held back from attacking Bittersteel because a huge portion of the population had just died in a plague, followed by a massive drought and famine.

Westeros was a mess, nowhere near capable of invading the Free Cities, which would have probably brought in Lys, Myr, Pentos, etc. against the Westerosi. 

The basic problem was one of administrative capacity – feudal polities were incredibly dependent on the person of the monarch, and the monarch could only be in one place at a time and could only travel so far. And without a strong central bureaucracy, the monarch lacked any means of exerting control over far-flung territories that were nominally within their orbit.

So to give an example, the Angevin Empire extended from the Scottish border to the Spanish border, but it was very difficult to actually muster the resources of the whole nation, and as a result of the distances and lack of personnel the monarch was usually neglecting one part or another, which lead to rebellions in under-served territories and invasions by neighbors looking to gobble up some under-defended territory. 

Well, Daemon’s family were probably somewhere in the Reach, but close enough to hand that Bittersteel could get them out to Tyrosh. 

Daeron’s kin were probably kept safe at the Red Keep. 

As to the Kingsguard, you don’t automatically get one by being a prince, they’re apportioned according to need.