Hey, so here’s the political map of the North, I tried to make it as accurate as possible based on the text that we have.

Formidable! This looks pretty damn good; there’s a “d” missing from “Hornwood,” I think you could add in some of House Manderly’s vassals houses (the Woolfields of Ramsgate and the Sheepshead Hills), the Condons are vassals of the Cerwyns, you could add the Stanes of Driftwood Hall on Skagos, but that’s it.

How do you think Maesters get assigned to a house? Does the house just ask the Citadel for a Maester and they sent one, or do you think it’s a more complicated process?

I think the Citadel sends them using its own system, which probably involves factors like what links the maester has (there’s probably a core of necessary abilities like ravenry and medicine at the very least), where the maester came from (note that maesters rarely serve in the kingdom they’re from, to avoid the temptation of bias for their former family), etc. 

Whenever I see ASOIAF discussed in a meta sense, it always seems to be regarded as a deconstruction, and subsequent reconstruction to some, of a fairly abstract “standard fantasy”. I’ve got relatively little exposure to non-dark fantasy, so while I’ve got an idea of the tropes and/or cliches at work I haven’t seen them in action too much. Can you recommend a few that would help give insight into “standard fantasy” in action?

Well, there’s always been multiple variants of fantasy, which you can array on a spectrum from High Fantasy to Heroic Fantasy to Sword & Sorcery to Low Fantasy. When people talk about standard fantasy, they’re usually talking about either High or Heroic, and they’re usually talking about your Standard Fantasy Setting in some vaguely Medieval European direction. 

Hopefully those TV Tropes pages should give you some examples, but you won’t go far wrong if you read a cross-section of Tolkien, Dungeons & Dragons novels, David Eddings, and Terry Brooks.