Discussed in my analysis of ACOK. Short version is that the North didn’t mobilize ahead of the invasion and then got distracted and divided by the Hornwood Crisis.
And then the scriptwriters for Westerosi Wrestlemania CCXCIX got a little bit crazy, so Theon fluked the capture of Winterfell and Reek hit Rodrik Cassel’s whole army upside the head with a folding chair while the ref wasn’t looking…