If only 1% of the male population could in per-modern times be raised for war how do you explain the Wars of the Roses continuing even after the Battle of Towton, where 28000 men died?

warsofasoiaf:

Well, that’s the 15th century, and the military revolution is kicking off, which means that it’s no longer a pre-modern army, and let’s not forget, there was a lull after Towton. There were minor engagements at Hexham and Hedgley Moor, but the War of the Roses is an episodic war, breaking out then going quiet. After Towton in 1461, you didn’t see anything major until 1469, and that was supported by Warwick’s defection. There’s time for younger kids to grow to adulthood in that time. @racefortheironthrone could probably tell you more about this too.

Thanks for the question, Anon.

SomethingLikeALawyer, Hand of the King

The only thing I’d add is that you see the size of armies in the Wars of the Roses decline substantially after Towton. At Townton, you’ve got around 60-65,000 engaged; at Hedgley Moor 11,000; at Hexam less than 10,000; at Barnet anywhere from 17,000 to 45,000 and that was a really really important battle; at Tewksbury anywhere from 10,000-11,000; and at Bosworth, 21,000. 

So there really was an impact after Towton. Didn’t stop the fighting, but it definitely reduced the size of the engagements.