1. Tywin was trying to get to Riverrun in time to save the army there.
2. If Robb defeated the army at Riverrun, Tywin desperately needed to get across the Trident before he was trapped.
3. Water transport requires large numbers of boats to be ready ahead of time. Mace Tyrell had organized a large number of barges that were ready to go at Tumbler’s Falls, but without that, you can’t really move tens of thousands of men, thousands of horses, and tons of supplies by river.