Re: 1% troops. So this is interesting and maybe it tells us something about the amount of noble families in Westeros? Frey can raise 4k, the Florents can raise 2k. Both are considered relatively major houses, so perhaps your average big-time noble can raise around 1k, presiding over roughly 100k people. With your population estimate of 40 million, that means that there are roughly 400 of the “types” of noble families that we see represented in the books.

I vaguely recall a thread on westeros.org that had some textual cite about the minimum number a lord should be able to raise, but I can’t find it or the citation.

However, 1,000 seems about right for a minimum number for a “major” Lesser House. House Templeton, despite being only landed knights, have 1,000 men and are considered to be the equal of many lords. 

This would suggest around 400 “major” Lesser Houses in Westeros. These would be the bottom of the upper reaches of the nobility, right below the “superstar” lesser Houses like the Hightowers, Manderlys, Redwynes, etc. and the Great Houses above them. 

In turn, the “major” Lesser Houses rest on top of “lesser” Lesser Houses. For example, in Sworn Sword, House Webber has between 6-20 knights, as many squires, and 20 crossbowmen, which it keeps under arms in times of peace. In addition, the House has around 60 villages of peasants which it could recruit around 240-odd infantry. Which puts it around 270-300 men, which is a good figure for a “lesser” Lesser House.

This would suggest that House Rowan probably has anywhere from 3 to 10 vassal houses, given its important position as Marshall of the Northmarch.